Acceleration of Charged Particles in Astrophysical Plasmas

The origin of high-energy particles in the Universe is one key issues solar physics, space science, astrophysics, and particle astrophysics. Charged astrophysical plasmas can be accelerated to very high energies by electric fields. Based on characteristics interactions between charged fields carried background plasma, mechanisms acceleration divided into several groups: resonant plasma waves particles, parallel magnetic fields, caused drift guiding center gyro-motion around field in-homogeneity-related curvature gradient, etc. According macroscopic energy conversion leading theories have been developed: stochastic turbulent electromagnetic diffusive shock during re-connections. These their own assumptions find applications different contexts. With advances observations combination with analyses radiation, we better understand underlying physical processes dramatically evolving environments.